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Fig. 3.7 - Smart factory design
Source: https://instrumental.com/resources/optimize-manufacturing-processes/what-is-smart-
manufacturing/

The key components and features that make up the structure of a smart factory are the following
[8,9,15]:

1. Connected Devices and Sensors:
• Smart factories rely on a network of interconnected devices and sensors throughout the
production floor.
• These devices and sensors gather real-time data on various aspects of the
manufacturing process, such as machine performance, product quality, energy usage,
and environmental conditions.
2. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT):
• IIoT is the backbone of a smart factory, enabling seamless communication and data
exchange between machines, equipment, and systems.
• IIoT enables the integration of physical and digital systems, providing the foundation for
data-driven insights and intelligent decision-making.
3. Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (AI):
• Smart factories use advanced data analytics and AI algorithms to process and analyse
the vast amounts of data collected from sensors and devices.
• AI is applied for predictive maintenance, quality control, demand forecasting, and
optimizing production schedules.
4. Cloud Computing and Edge Computing:
• Cloud computing allows data storage and processing in remote servers, providing
scalability and accessibility to the manufacturing data.
• Edge computing enables real-time processing and analysis of critical data directly on the
factory floor, reducing latency and enhancing responsiveness.
5. Robotics and Automation:
• Smart factories heavily rely on robotics and automation to perform repetitive and
labour-intensive tasks.
• Collaborative robots (cobots) work alongside human operators to improve efficiency
and safety.
6. Digital Twin:
• A digital twin is a virtual representation of physical assets and processes within the
smart factory.
• It allows manufacturers to simulate, monitor, and optimize production processes,
helping to identify potential issues and test various scenarios before implementing
changes in the physical world.
7. Cybersecurity Measures:

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