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• Grinding Operation: The grinding wheel is brought into contact with the workpiece surface, and material is gradually removed through the (Source of image:
cutting action of the abrasive particles. The grinding wheel rotates at high speed, and the workpiece may also rotate or move linearly to https://www.rapiddirect.com/blog/types-of-
achieve the desired shape and finish. machining-operations/)
• Cooling and Lubrication: During grinding, heat can build up at the grinding zone, potentially damaging the workpiece or grinding wheel. To
prevent this, coolant or lubricating fluids are often used to cool the grinding area and flush away swarf (chips of material removed during
grinding).
• Dressing the Wheel: Over time, the grinding wheel can become dull or worn, affecting its cutting ability. Dressing the wheel involves using a
dressing tool to restore the wheel's cutting edges and maintain its performance.
• Grinding is used in various industries and applications, including:
• Metalworking: Grinding is commonly used for removing excess material, improving surface finish, and creating precise shapes for metal parts
and components.
• Precision Engineering: Grinding is crucial for producing high-precision tools, dies, and moulds.
• Automotive Industry: Grinding is used for various automotive parts, such as crankshafts, camshafts, and engine valves.
• Aerospace Industry: Precision grinding is essential for manufacturing aerospace components with tight tolerances.
• Cutting Tools: Grinding is used for sharpening cutting tools like drills, milling cutters, and lathe tools.
• Medical Industry: Grinding is utilized to create precision medical instruments and implants.
• Glass and Ceramics: Grinding is used to shape and finish glass lenses, ceramic components, and other fragile materials.
Sawing Sawing is a material cutting process that involves using a saw, which is a tool with a sharp-toothed edge, to cut through various materials. Sawing
is a common and widely used method for cutting a wide range of materials, such as wood, metal, plastic, stone, and more.
The sawing process is relatively straightforward: the saw's sharp teeth or abrasive edge are brought into contact with the material to be cut, and
then it is moved back and forth (in the case of hand saws) or rotated (in the case of power saws) to create the cutting action. As the saw moves
through the material, it removes material and creates a cut along the desired path.
There are several types of sawing methods and saw types, each suitable for different materials and applications:
• Hand Saw: A traditional hand-operated saw with teeth set in a metal or wooden blade, commonly used for cutting wood.
• Circular Saw: A power saw with a circular blade, primarily used for cutting wood, but there are also variations for cutting metal and other
materials.
• Band Saw: A power saw with a long, continuous band of teeth that runs on two wheels, suitable for cutting various materials, including wood, (Source of image:
metal, and plastic. https://www.rapiddirect.com/blog/types-of-
• Jigsaw: A power saw with a thin, reciprocating blade, used for cutting curves and intricate shapes in wood, metal, and plastic. machining-operations/)
• Miter Saw: A power saw used for making precise angle cuts, commonly used in woodworking and carpentry.
• Hacksaw: A hand saw with a fine-toothed blade used for cutting metal and plastic.
• Reciprocating Saw: A power saw with a straight, reciprocating blade, suitable for cutting through various materials, including wood, metal,
and plastic.
• Table Saw: A power saw mounted on a table, commonly used in woodworking for straight cuts and rip cuts.

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