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Fig. 6. 23 The heat treatment sequences

Thermocouples for surface conditioning
Thermocouples are temperature sensors that are widely used for measuring temperature in various
applications. They operate on the principle of the Seebeck effect, which states that when two different
metals are joined together at two different temperature points, an electromotive force (EMF) is
generated that is proportional to the temperature difference.

Using thermocouples with finite element method (FEM) models is a common approach to control the
process of heating and cooling in various applications. This integration allows for temperature
feedback from the thermocouples to be included into the FEM simulation, enabling more accurate and
precise control of the thermal process.

Software for control of surface conditioning
We can’t say there is the best software for surface conditioning. It depends on the users specific needs.
But here are some widely used software options:

1.1. SolidWorks: It is a CAD software. It supports various types of 3D modelling and simulation
options. SolidWorks can be used for a wide range of surface conditioning applications,
including machining, molding, and additive manufacturing.

1.2. CATIA: It is a multi-platform software suite for computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM), cumputer-aided engineering (CAE), 3D modelling and product lifecycle
management (PLM)
1.3. AutoCAD: AutoCAD is a line of 2D and 3D design software produced by the Autodesk company.
It includes a powerful suite of features to improve workflow and create true-to-life maps,
diagrams, structures and schematics. CAD software is equal part design and analysis. The
design is needed to produce models and prepare component production, and the analysis
helps calculate stress levels, the influence of forces and the influences of finite elements in a
design.
1.4. Ansys: It is a leading software suite for engineering simulation and analysis. Ansys
Mechanical finite element analysis software is used to simulate computer models of
structures, electronics, or machine components for analyzing the strength, toughness,

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